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The field of precision oncology is rapidly progressing toward integrated "multiomics" analysis of multiple molecular species (such as DNA, RNA, or proteins) to provide a more complete profile of tumor heterogeneity. Micro/nanomate...
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The field of precision oncology is rapidly progressing toward integrated "multiomics" analysis of multiple molecular species (such as DNA, RNA, or proteins) to provide a more complete profile of tumor heterogeneity. Micro/nanomaterial-based systems, which leverage the unique properties of miniature materials, are currently well positioned to expand beyond rudimentary biomarker detection toward multiomics signature analysis. To enable clinical translation, the rational design and implementation of miniaturized systems should be driven by the unique clinical challenges present at various crucial cancer stages. This review features micro/nanomaterial-based systems that are robustly tested on real patient samples for molecular biomarker detection at i) initial cancer screening and/or diagnosis, ii) cancer prognosis and risk stratification, and iii) longitudinal treatment/recurrence monitoring. Furthermore, this review discusses the use of micro/nanomaterials to facilitate sample preparation for different molecular biomarker species. Finally, this review deliberates on the recent paradigm shift of micro/nanomaterial-based system innovation toward integrated multiomics cancer signature analysis and puts forth insights and perspectives on existing challenges. It is anticipated that this review could stimulate the propagation of new concepts and approaches to kick-start a new generation of clinically translational technologies that capitalize on multiomics cancer signatures.
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Rainfall severely impacts human mobility in urban areas and creates significant challenges for traffic management and urban planning. There is an urgent need to understand the impact of rainfall on residents’ travels from multipl...
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Rainfall severely impacts human mobility in urban areas and creates significant challenges for traffic management and urban planning. There is an urgent need to understand the impact of rainfall on residents’ travels from multiple perspectives. Taxi GPS data contains a large amount of spatiotemporal information about human activities and mobility in urban areas. For this study, we selected the central area of Zhuhai as the study area and used taxi data from August 2020 for the investigation. Firstly, we divided the taxi data into four scenarios, i.e., weekdays with and without rainfall and weekends with and without rainfall and analyzed and compared the trip characteristics for the different scenarios. Then, using the traffic analysis zone (TAZ) as the node and taxi flow between TAZs as edges, we constructed a network and compared the network indicators under the different scenarios. Finally, we used the Leiden algorithm to detect communities in different scenarios and compared the network indicators of the communities. The results showed that on days with rainfall, taxi flow and its spatial and temporal distribution pattern changed significantly, which affected transportation supply and demand. These findings may provide useful references for the formulation of urban transport policies that can adapt to different weather conditions.
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The underlying mechanism of taste receptor type 1 subunit 2 ( T1R2) and taste receptor type 1 subunit 3 (T1R3) in the hormonal and reproductive system is still elusive. A low or a high dose of sweetness equivalent to that sodium s...
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The underlying mechanism of taste receptor type 1 subunit 2 ( T1R2) and taste receptor type 1 subunit 3 (T1R3) in the hormonal and reproductive system is still elusive. A low or a high dose of sweetness equivalent to that sodium saccharin (SS, 1.5 or 7.5 mM) and rebaudioside A (RA, 0.5 or 2.5 mM) was administered to young female guinea pigs for 28 consecutive days from the age of 28 days. Our results indicated that the sweet taste receptor subunit T1R2 was markedly expressed in the ovary and uterus of guinea pigs, whereas the T1R3 protein was expressed at a lower level. We elucidated that low-dose (1.5 mM) SS increased body and ovary weight associated with elevated ovarian expression of T1R2 in guinea pigs, unlike the high-dose (7.5 mM) SS, which suppressed the ovarian expression of T1R2 and resulted in certain adverse effects on ovarian and uterine morphology. Furthermore, high-dose (2.5 mM) RA increased the number of corpus luteum and elevated uterine expression of T1R2, whereas low-dose (0.5 mM) RA induced increased secretion of serum progesterone. Therefore, our findings suggest that we should pay more attention to the potential adverse effects, including increases in ovary weight, morphology changes, and increased progesterone that result from the dose-dependent regulation of T1R2 by non-nutritive sweeteners (NNS) in the ovaries and uteri of peripubertal females.
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Parks, as a major infrastructure that provide public service for urban residents, play a vital role in promoting urban livability and public health. Under the framework of spatial equity, more sophisticated accessibility methods w...
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Parks, as a major infrastructure that provide public service for urban residents, play a vital role in promoting urban livability and public health. Under the framework of spatial equity, more sophisticated accessibility methods were used on measuring urban park accessibility such as multi-mode 2SFCA. However, the accessibility of residential areas near parks was seriously underestimated by using the multi-mode 2SFCA method. Thus, this study aimed to propose an improved multi-mode 2SFCA method to measure urban park accessibility with a more appropriate approach, by taking residential areas of Tianjin central city as the spatial unit. The results indicate that all residential areas can obtain urban park accessibility, but the spatial distribution of urban park accessibility is heterogeneous. The numerical value of urban park accessibility decreases as the travel time from residential areas to urban parks increases; it is shown that the proposed method can provide a more realistic evaluation compared to the traditional multi-mode 2SFCA method. This study provides a comprehensive and realistic insight into acquainting with urban park accessibility and helps urban planners formulate effective policies and strategies to ease spatial imbalance.
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Cellulose-based electroactive actuators are promising for biomimetic robots and biomedical applications due to the biocompatibility; however, they exhibit inferior actuation performance normally than traditional conductive polymer...
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Cellulose-based electroactive actuators are promising for biomimetic robots and biomedical applications due to the biocompatibility; however, they exhibit inferior actuation performance normally than traditional conductive polymer actuators. Doping some ions can improve actuation, because ion migration plays an important role for cellulose-based electroactive actuators. In this work, the effects of ions on the structure, mechanical strength and electroactive performance of cellulose nanofibril (CNF) actuators were investigated in order to further clarify the mechanism of ions migration. CNFs from mechanical grinding have very low content of ions and show no obvious electroactive behaviour. After doping with inorganic salts or ionic liquids, the electroactive properties of the CNF composites are significantly improved. The composite actuators containing NH4Cl and [EMIM]Cl exhibited the tip displacements as high as - 33.52 mm in 10 s and - 23.34 mm in 3.5 s under 9 V DC, respectively. Comparing electroactive performance of actuators with different ions, it is found that hydration enthalpy of ions has a close relationship with electroactive properties. The composite actuators with [EMIM]Cl showed good actuation durability under 5 V/0.1 Hz AC for 50 cycles without displacement attenuation. Overall, this study demonstrated the mechanism of ions migration in cellulose-based electroactive materials, and it provides new insight for relationship between hydration enthalpy of ions and electroactive property of cellulose-based actuators, which is expected to design the cellulose-based electroactive actuators with the adjustable electroactive property.
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The frequent occurrence of extreme high temperature weather and heat waves has greatly affected human life. This paper analyzes population exposure and its influencing factors during a heat wave incident in Zhuhai from 6 to 12 Sep...
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The frequent occurrence of extreme high temperature weather and heat waves has greatly affected human life. This paper analyzes population exposure and its influencing factors during a heat wave incident in Zhuhai from 6 to 12 September 2021 based on real-time mobile phone data and meteorological data. The results show that the most areas of Zhuhai are affected by high temperature during this heat wave incident. The hourly population exposure is directly proportional to hourly heat wave coverage. In terms of time dimension, the overall population exposure shows a trend of decreasing and then increasing. In terms of spatial dimensions, high population exposure is concentrated in areas such as primary and secondary schools, colleges and universities, office buildings, and residential areas. Low exposure is distributed in most of the mountainous areas along the southern coast. In addition, the leading factors that cause changes in population exposure in different periods of the heat wave cycle are different, which rely more on either climatic factors or population factors.
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The copper end paste used in multilayer ceramic capacitors sintered in nitrogen atmosphere leads to carbon residues of organic vehicles, which leads to a reduction in electrode conductivity and high scrap rate. With an attempt to ...
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The copper end paste used in multilayer ceramic capacitors sintered in nitrogen atmosphere leads to carbon residues of organic vehicles, which leads to a reduction in electrode conductivity and high scrap rate. With an attempt to leave no residue in the sintering, the compatibility of solvents and thickeners should be improved because it has an important influence on the hierarchical volatilization and carbon residue of organic vehicles. In this work, the volatility of different solvents was compared, and several solvents were mixed in a definite proportion to prepare an organic vehicle with polyacrylate resins. The hierarchical volatility and solubility parameters of mixed solvents were effectively adjusted by changing proportions of different components. The thermogravimetric curves of resins and organic vehicles were measured by thermogravimetric analyzer, and the effect of solubility parameter on the dissolvability of resins in the solvent and the residual of organic vehicles were studied. Results showed that the hierarchical volatilization of solvents can be obtained by mixing different solvents; the intrinsic viscosity of the organic vehicle is higher, and the thermal decomposition residue of polyacrylate resins is lower when the solubility parameters of mixed solvents and polyacrylate resins are closer. The low residual sintering of organic vehicles can be achieved by using a mixed solvent with hierarchical volatility and approximate solubility parameters as resins.
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Adhesion of conductive components to fabrics is very important to the application of conductive fabrics obtained by coating. The falling off of the conductive coating in laundry process will result in deteriorating conductivity an...
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Adhesion of conductive components to fabrics is very important to the application of conductive fabrics obtained by coating. The falling off of the conductive coating in laundry process will result in deteriorating conductivity and unstable signal detection when they are used as wearable textile electrodes. In order to obtain conductive fabrics with excellent washing resistance, cotton fabrics were treated with 3-Mercaptopropytrimethoxysilane (MPTS) at different temperature, concentrations and time to introduce thiol groups, then silane modified cotton fabrics were coated with silver via electroless plating. The relationship between silane grafting ratio and electrical resistance was investigated, the results indicated that the silane grafting ratio should be in some range to obtain optimum conductivity of the fabrics. The electric resistance of the obtained fabrics was as low as 0.33 Omega/sq and remained 2.49 Omega/sq after undergoing up to 200 washing cycles. The excellent washability of as-prepared conductive fabrics enables the feasibility to be applied to wearable electronic products.
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The introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors has demonstrated significant improvements in survival for subsets of cancer patients. However, they carry significant and sometimes life-threatening toxicities. Prompt prediction an...
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The introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors has demonstrated significant improvements in survival for subsets of cancer patients. However, they carry significant and sometimes life-threatening toxicities. Prompt prediction and monitoring of immune toxicities have the potential to maximise the benefits of immune checkpoint therapy. Herein, we develop a digital nanopillar SERS platform that achieves real-time single cytokine counting and enables dynamic tracking of immune toxicities in cancer patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment - broader applications are anticipated in other disease indications. By analysing four prospective cytokine biomarkers that initiate inflammatory responses, the digital nanopillar SERS assay achieves both highly specific and highly sensitive cytokine detection down to attomolar level. Significantly, we report the capability of the assay to longitudinally monitor 10 melanoma patients during immune inhibitor blockade treatment. Here, we show that elevated cytokine concentrations predict for higher risk of developing severe immune toxicities in our pilot cohort of patients. There is a clinical need to monitor immune-related toxicities of immune checkpoint blockade therapy. Here, the authors develop a digital SERS platform for multiplexed single cytokine counting to track immune-toxicities and demonstrate the ability to use pre-screening to identify patients at higher risk.
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The oleophilic nature of paper often limits its use in applications that involve direct contact with grease, but now the generation of oil-repellent surfaces has almost universally deployed environmentally detrimental approaches r...
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The oleophilic nature of paper often limits its use in applications that involve direct contact with grease, but now the generation of oil-repellent surfaces has almost universally deployed environmentally detrimental approaches relying on fluorinated compounds. In this paper, non-toxic fluoro-free grease-proof papers coated with sodium alginate (SA)/sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and SA/propylene glycol alginate were prepared, the maximum of kit values reached 9. The coatings completely covered the base paper surface and penetrated into the interfiber networks to some extent, and the modified mechanical properties were obtained. It was found that the lower the air permeability was, the better the oil resistance of the biopolymer coatings on fiber substrate was. For coatings with high surface energy, as the surface energy is dominated by the polar part, the stronger the polarity, the greater the repulsion to oil. The reduction of surface energy can effectively improve the anti-wettability for oil and water.
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